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Electric Water Heater — Wire Size & Circuit Requirements

Standard 4500W electric water heaters draw about 18.75 amps at 240V and require a dedicated 30-amp circuit.

Wire Size
10 AWG
Breaker
30A double-pole
Voltage
240V
Typical Draw
18.75A

Wiring Specifications

Recommended wire10/2 NM-B or 10 AWG THHN
Breaker30A double-pole
Voltage240V
Typical amperage18.75A
Circuit amperage30A
NEC referenceNEC 422.13
Max recommended distance50 feet (without voltage drop concerns)

Important Notes

Water heaters are considered continuous loads, so the circuit must be rated at 125% of the actual load. 18.75A × 1.25 = 23.4A, fitting within a 30A breaker.

Related

10 AWG specifications → Wire size for 30A circuits → Wire size calculator → All appliance guides →